Ejection
Throwing the fired case clear of the rifle after the extractor pulls it from the chamber. The second half of clearing the gun for the next round.
Ejection is the moment the spent case leaves the rifle. It plays out in two quick steps. First the extractor grips the case rim and draws it out of the chamber as the bolt moves back. Then an ejector, either a spring-loaded plunger in the bolt face or a fixed blade, kicks the case sideways and out.
On a bolt gun, ejection is as energetic as you make it. Ride the bolt slowly and the case barely tips out, run it briskly and it flies clear. Precision handloaders often cycle gently on purpose to drop their brass into a bag instead of flinging it, since that brass is going to be reloaded.